Essays Writers

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Professional Essay Writers For Hire

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Model Essays, Dissertations And Academic Support

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Essaytyper

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Unitedessays Com

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Custom,cheap Essay Writing Service Usa

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Case Study On A Company Of Choice Using Last Mile Delivery - 1375 Words

A Case Study On A Company Of Choice Using Last Mile Delivery: Transport Management (Case Study Sample) Content: Transport managementStudents nameInstitution affiliationTransport managementIntroductionAccording to DellAmico and Hadjidimitriou (2012), over the past decade, last mile delivery has gained enormous popularity due to the increased demand for fully integrated Omni-channel retailing. Retailers have been forced by evolution of the Omni-channel to consider evaluation of the existing transportation network capabilities, resulting in adjustments of the transportation network. Last mile delivery is the movement of people and goods from the business transportation hub to their final destination. The final destination of the goods is usually considered to be their home. The objective of the last mile delivery is to ensure delivery of goods as fast as possible to the end users.Myerson (2015) argues that majority of business are using last mile delivery to gain a competitive edge in the market and to build brand loyalty. The surge on online orders has necessitated the need for e -commerce business to use last mile delivery. The use of last mile delivery enables retailers to guarantee and provide exceptional services to their customers and to easily adapt to the ever changing Omni-channel retailing environment. This report will provide a case study and research on IKEA, a Singapore company, as one of the companies using last mile delivery service.DiscussionCompany backgroundIKEA Singapore is one of the stores controlled by IKEA group of companies headquartered in Delft, Netherlands. IKEA Singapore was opened in the year 1978. IKEA Singapore is among IKEA stores owned by Ikano Retail Asia. The company financial principle is to grow using their own resources and therefore, a majority of the company profits is re-invested in sustainable solutions, product development and lowering prices. IKEA Singapore operates two stores namely IKEA Alexandra and IKEA Tampines. IKEA Singapore has diversified its business and in addition to its core business of manufacturing, d esigning and selling furniture, the company operates houses, restaurants and flats (About IKEA - IKEA. 2017).Goods and Services DeliveredAccording to IKEA (2017), IKEA Singapore has an independent delivery service provider who helps customers to deliver their purchases directly to their business or home. The delivery fee depends on the product and the company specified rates. The company delivery lead time is usually three days. IKEA Singapore has a product range of 12000 products. All these products can be delivered to the customer home or offices upon request for delivery service.Staff strengthsAccording to Human Resources - IKEA (2017), the human resource department is tasked with the responsibility of creating an enjoyable and stimulating work environment as well as inspiring and attracting co-workers. IKEA Singapore has a diverse group of people from different countries with passion for home furnishing. The company culture is based on fun, enthusiasm and spirit of togetherness . The staff positive team spirit, values and attitudes is one of the major staff strengths. It is estimated that IKEA Singapore has more than 700 staff working in stores and regional offices.Assets owned or leasedThe assets of IKEA Singapore are generally owned by the parent company, IKEA group. As such, the assets of IKEA are reported as total assets making it difficult to determine precisely the assets owned or leased by IKEA Singapore.Importance of transport in supply chain of IKEA SingaporeAccording to Coyle, Novack and Gibson (2016), goods are often not consumed at the place of their production, as such; transportation services are essential part of the supply chain. IKEA Singapore largely depends on transportation services to deliver its products to the consumer office or home. For this reason, transport is an essential trait in the supply chain of IKEA Singapore. The following are reasons why transport is important in IKEA Singapore supply chain;One, transport services ena ble the company to meet the needs of the customers. A poor transport system would limit the ability of the company to deliver goods to customers within the agreed time which would result in customer dissatisfaction (Bookbinder, 2013).Two, transport plays a connective role in the company supply chain that results in conversion of raw materials to useful products and to the consumers. Third, according to Morash and Clinton (2007), an effective transport system enhances service delivery and act as a source of organization competitiveness. Four, transport affects the price and cost of the products offered by the company. A poor transport system would increase the price or cost making the company products less competitive (Bookbinder, 2013).Routing ApproachMelo, Nickel and Saldanha-Da-Gama (2009) argue organizations are faced with challenges of increased dynamics and complexity of the logistic process. These challenges lead to the increased need for routing of goods as well as transport vehicles with the aim of adapting to the changing logistics environment. According to Home Delivery IKEA (2017), IKEA Singapore contracts an independent third party to perform its delivery services. The contracted delivery company performs delivery service to the customers preference room at the delivery address. Customers usually receive an estimated delivery date in the shopping cart, though customers are not guaranteed to receive their order on that date. Usually, the company considers order processing duration and transit time when estimating delivery time. Once the order is ready the delivery company contacts the customer to schedule a delivery date and time. The distribution vehicles are dispatched from the company after an agreement is arrived at between the delivery company and the customer. As such, the delivery decision is not solely that of the company but a consulted decision which aims at enhancing customer satisfaction.Challenges faced by IKEA Singapore in order fulfi llment and last mile deliveryAccording to Esper, Jensen and Burton (2013) there are a number of challenges that retailers using last-mile delivery system face. These challenges can be overcome by ensuring the company has adopted the right strategies. However, Esper, Jensen Burton (2013) note it would be impossible to eliminate all the challenges of last- mile delivery. IKEA Singapore experiences a number of challenges in order fulfillment and last mile delivery. Some of these challenges are;One, failure by the delivery company to deliver products on agreed date with the customer. Two, lost products during delivery- the company has received complains from customers claiming their products were lost on transit by the delivery company. Three, high cost-the company delivery fee is quite high mainly due to high cost of overheads like the fuel cost. Four, customer nuisances- at times customers have provided inaccurate information like incorrect address, resulting to products being delive red at wrong addresses or instances when the delivery company finds no one at home to receive the products.Proposed solutionsTo solve order fulfillment and last mile delivery challenges the company may consider adopting the following solutions;One; customer proximity- the company should consider increasing the distribution centers across the targeted geographical location to increase proximity to customers. Increasing proximity to customers reduces both the return and delivery time as well as reducing the delivery cos...

Effective Leadership And The Leadership Essay - 1398 Words

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Analysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men - 926 Words

In the literary work Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck,the reader is introduced into the depression era where this takes place.This set takes place in the Depression era where everybody is out of a job , the bank crashes , the Stock market crashes. Every man is struggling, trying to find work. Steinbeck teaches the reader about the struggle of working hard for their dreams, having hope, and never giving up. A prime example of this is George, who tells his dream and creates dreams for other people such as Candy and Lennie his close companion. George is a very unique main character and has a very compassionate personality; he has a dream, shares it, and gives hope to others in the story. George learns an important lesson, but gradually changes from giving hope to others to taking hope away instead. Early in the story, George and Lennie run away from the town of Weed due to Lennie presumedly killing someone(albeit probably an accident). 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Delegation in Contemporary Democracies

Question: Describe about the Delegation in Contemporary Democracies. Answer: Aim, objectives and feasibility of the dissertation Delegation is an important skill that should be possessed by a manager. Most of the time in Small and Medium Organizations (SMEs), managers fail to utilize this skill to acquire relevant organizational benefits. Usually, responsibilities and complexities related to management increases with the expansion of an organization. A manager should delegate effectively to get maximum benefits for an organization. As mentioned previously, responsibilities and duties of a manager increase with time. So, a manager should learn how to delegate effectively to focus on important tasks and thereafter should transfer the less important tasks to the subordinates. However, the less important tasks also requires good amount of time and effort from the workforce. There is an old saying, ''if you want something done right, do it yourself''. This concept does not match with the current cultures of SMES. It should be kept in mind that, an effective delegation increases the organizational productivity; therefore success of a manager depends on efficient delegation. At the second half of the 20th century, the advancement in transportation and technologies grew rapidly. That is why the SMEs should give more concern on the concept of delegation to save time to foster development. The exercise of delegation does not only offer advantages for the organization in form of premium productivity but also helps the management to produce proper report. It is because proper exercise of delegation supports a manager to focus on the most important project. On the other hand, the annual volume of productivity is the indicator of whether a manager is suitable for the given position or not. However, the role of delegation regarding the direct report is, it assists the management to motivate the employees through helping them to develop their existing skills and to learn new skills. Also, it is the way through which management helps employees to understand their strength and weakness. On the contrary, negligence upon the practice of delegation could bring negative effects. Without an apt sense on delegation, a management becomes disorganized and ends up in giving priority to the less important tasks. A managers inability to maintain delegation injures the quality of organizational productivity and reduces the chances to meet the deadline. The right way to gain a delegated management is through monitoring managements activity and by giving potential responsibilities to identify whether he is doing as per the expectation or not. There are many types of research and articles, which have discussed the relationship between an effective delegation and success of the SMEs in general. The focus of this particular research will be to determine whether there is a strong relationship between effective delegations and the development process of employee skills for saving time and increase organizational productivity or not. The aim of the research is to identify and analyze one of the main factors of the failures of SMES, which is managements inability to delegate. The research will consider the following questions: What is the relationship between effective delegation and the success of SMEs? How delegation contributes to the success of SMEs? How delegation helps to save time and develop new skills for the employee? Why do managers in SMEs often fail to follow and apply delegation in the daily tasks? By the end of the study, the researcher hopes to draw a conclusion to show the importance of the relationship among effective delegation and developed employee skills. Moreover, the study intends to identify the best possible ways to apply delegation in the daily tasks of SMES. Furthermore, I hope that the Furthermore, I hope that the research study can focus on identifying the reason for which most of the managers in SMES fails to maintain this aspect appropriately. Literature review Delegation is one of the essential skills for the manager to reduce workload. Delegation indicates the accountability to allocate certain tasks to the responsible one (Heller, 1998; Mentor, 2008). Many of the previous studies and academic articles have agreed that the main purpose of delegation is to increase manager's time and decrease workload. The resources include, Heller, 1998, How to delegate; Mentor, 2008, Delegating work; and Fleming, The role of effective delegation in professional and organizational success. However, there are other studies those have examined the purpose of delegation in details. Most of the articles have agreed that the delegation is one of the essential skills for the manager to save the operation time and to help initiating the development process for the employees. Implementing effective delegation has positive results for the manager along with for the employees. (Fleming; and Mentor, 2008); they discuss the benefits of effective delegation in details . However, (Heller, 1998; and Stanley); they have not mentioned the advantages of effective delegation in their articles. Both Fleming and Mentor agreed that the fundamental benefits of effective delegation belong to the manager to ''Improve the level of trust and communication between manager and employee, and achieve goals that required cooperative group effort''. Further, Fleming adds some additional benefits related to the manager such as ''allowing the manager to focus on the tasks that needed his specific expertise; increasing the manager's discretionary time'' (Fleming, The role of effective delegation in professional and organisational success). Mentor said that an employee would gain same benefits as the manager. In contrast, Fleming stated that the employee could have extra benefits from effective delegation beside the previous ones such as '' improving employee interest; building confidence and trusts; providing control over activates and decisions; and providing growth opportunities'' (Fleming, The role of effective delegation in professional and organizational success). However, the organization will acquire benefits from effective delegation by saving money through ensuring that tasks are assigned to the right people at the right level. It will increase overall productivity and efficiency of the employees by making the best use of organizational resources. The authors (for instances Mentor, 2008; Fleming; Stanley; and other) have not discussed the results of avoiding effective delegation. Heller in 1998 mentions that the cost of avoiding delegation such as spending many hours to complete low priority tasks can give birth to a disorganized environment. Further, the authors of the reviewed literature do not cover and discuss two main points, which are how the delegation contributes to save time and develop new skills for employees. The second points that is not covered and addressed were the reason behind most of the managements failure to follow and apply delegation in the daily tasks. Therefore, the previous two points are identified as the gap literature. The authors of delegation articles (Mentor, 2008; Heller, 1998; and other) have focused on the concepts of delegation; the purpose of delegation; delegation guidelines; monitoring process; and improvement skills. Nevertheless, Iancn (2012), has added a new topic to the delegation, which is the contemporary implication on delegation. Furthermore, Braun and Gilardi (2006), in their book The Delegation in Contemporary Democracies have discussed in part one that the standard chain of delegation is similar with the discussion made by the previous authors. In part two, they have focused on their topic and have discussed the importance of delegation in regulatory agencies in western Europe. In general, the literature review is linked with some topics, such as concepts of delegation; benefits of delegation; guideline of effective delegation; and many other topics. In contrast, the main differences between these articles are found in the different way of discussing aspects on delegating tasks as every author has different experiences and different approaches. Research methodology and methods The case study will make in-depth analysis of the influence of delegation for saving organization time and developing employee skills. Additionally, the research will compare finding of a local case study done by the international studies. It is identified that there are limited researches those have done limited investigation and analysis of local SMES. Most of the studies on the topic has been done for newspaper purpose or academic purposes. According to the data of the General Authority for Small and Medium Enterprises, there are about 18600 establishments at the end of 2015. In Oman, the SMEs shaped 90% of a commercial establishment. It is divided into micro-enterprises, small and medium enterprise. Micro enterprises consist of four employees with the annual revenue of 25,000 OMR. The second type is small enterprises, which are comprised of five to nine employees with annual revenue of 250,000 OMR. The last type is the medium-enterprises. The medium-enterprises consist of ten to ninety-nine employees and its annual revenue is generally between 250,000 OMR to 1 million OMR. The quantitative research method is the suitable research method for collecting and analyzing the data. The study will evaluate the primary data collected, which are collected from the original sources; surveys and interviews. A large number of samples regarding the study will be selected carefully to address the research questions. According to the General Authorities of SMEs, there are about 18600 establishments. Therefore, due to the high number of SMEs in Oman, the systematic sampling is the suitable method for selecting the number of SMEs. Number of SMEs = 18600 Sample size = 375 Required sample = 18600 / 375 = 50. Then, the random number will be selected between 1 and 50. (Chosen 25). Hence, the selected random number will be; 25, 75, 125, 175, 225, 275, 325, and 375. The total number of SMEs to survey will be eight. In contrast, as the number of employees in each establishment will be between 10 to 100 employees, the stratified sampling method is found to be the best for choosing the number of employees to participate in the survey. It will be easy to get answers easily as the number of employees is short. In contrast, the medium enterprises do not exceed 100 employees; therefore the number of staffs who should be involved in the survey is 80 employees. In this case, the supposed number of participants will be: Number of employees = 100 employees Sample size = 80 participant. The distribution will be (1% senior manager, 94% middle and leader management; other 5%). Senior Management = 80 * 1% = 1 Middle and leader management = 80 * 94% = 95 Other = 80 * 5% = four. Further, the null hypothesis (H0) said that there is no relationship among effective delegation, time management and the process of developing employee skills. However, the alternative hypothesis (H1) has stated that there is a relationship among all the stated aspects. The dependent variables (DV) are time management and the development of employee skills while the independent variable (IV) is effective delegation. These variables will be measured through two main methods, which are ratio variable and interval variable. There are two main methods to collect data; questionnaires and interview. The first method of collecting data, through questionnaire will be used here. The question in the questionnaire is generally designed in a way to help people in understanding the topic. The questionnaire will be formed by open-ended, multiple choice and close questions. Additionally, the questionnaire will be distributed through email and web-based tools such as the survey monkey. Moreover, it will be easy to analyze the results through SPSS statistic software. The second type of method that will be used in the research is the face-to-face process of asking questions. This kind is faster than the online procedure and it can be done at home, workplace, and even in the streets. The aim of this questionnaire is to identify the reaction and response of the participants. The second data collection method will be interview. The questions in the interview will be opened and closed questions like the questionnaire. There will be two main techniques to analyze the quantitative data. The first technique will be descriptive statistic and the second will be inferential statistic. As mentioned previously, there are two hypotheses (H0, H1) those will be analyzed through SPSS statistic software. In addition, the researcher will use a t-test to test the differences between (IV) and (DV). The associations between the quantitative variables will be examined with the help of Pearson's correlation. On the other hand, the linear regression will test the productivity of effective delegation. The researcher is well aware of the ethics and regulations followed by the SMES. The researcher has kept in mind those aspects while collecting the data and asking questions through questionnaire and interview. To obtain the confidential data, I have to take permission from an authorized person of an organization. Finally, I will contact the DA to be cautious more about the regulations and ethics of the University of Liverpool. References: Braun D., and Gilardi F.,(2006), ''Delegation in contemporary democracies'', [online]. Available from: https://www.tandfebooks.com.liverpool.idm.oclc.org/isbn/9780203306512#? (accessed: 19 November 2016). Collis, J. Hussey, R. (2013)Business Research: A Practical Guide for Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students. 4th ed. London: Palgrave-MacMillan. Dye, D., (2016)''Leadership Excellence Essentials''., 33 (3), p18-18. 1p. Fleming, Robert S. Business Renaissance Quarterly. Fall2009, Vol. 4 Issue 3, p153-161. 9p., Database: Business Source Complete. Heller R., (1998),'how to delegate', Harvard Business School Press, pp. 4-15. Lancu B., (2012), ''Legislative Delegation: The Erosion of Normative Limits in Modern Constitutionalism'',Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London, pp.207-280 Lueck R. Mclntosh P. (2009), 'The busy manager's guide to delegation', American Management Association, pp. 1-9 Pfeffer J., (2007),'What were they thinking?', Harvard Business School Press, pp.1-40. Mentor P., (2008), 'Delegating work', Harvard Business School Press, pp. 1-14 Stanley, T.L. Supervision. Apr2012, Vol. 73 Issue 4, p7-10. 4p. 'Development of small and medium enterprises ... strategic direction rather than progress', (2013), [online]. Available from: https://shabiba.com/article/23567/%20economy%20/%20-(accessed: 10 November 2016). 'Effective Delegation' [online], Available from: https://www.google.com/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=7cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwjq8ce4gI_PAhXKPhQKHaACDicQFghAMAYurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kansas4-h.org%2Fresources%2F4-h-library%2F4-h-clubs%2Fstrengthening-clubs-1%2Fdocs%2Feffective-delegation.pdfusg=AFQjCNFSrUQepXAIrBqdItC3vpffMvDMnQsig2=N9zy5LjmvQv9qXnnNHzM5wbvm=bv.132479545,d.d24 (accessed: 06 November 2016). 'SMEs in Oman' (2015), [online]. Available from: https://www.smeadvisorarabia.com/ (accessed: 12 November 2016). 'SMEs in Oman' [online], Available from: https://omandaily.om/?p=309691 (accessed: 13 November 2016). 'Successful Delegation' [online], available from: www.free-management-ebooks.com/dldebk-pdf/fme-successful-delegation.pdf (accessed: 18 October 2016). 'The importance of delegation' [online]: available from : web.ewu.edu/groups/studentlife/Delegation.pdf (accessed: 18 October 2016).

The Effects of Music on the Mind and Bo Essay Example For Students

The Effects of Music on the Mind and Bo Essay The Effects of Music on the Mind and Body Music is something that all people love and enjoy listening to everyday. Music is a huge part of Americas culture and influences thousands of people every day. Many people use this influence to gain money or fame; however, music can be used in many other ways than personal gain. There have been many recent studies on the effects of music on the mind and body; these effects are typically positive and improve many elements of ones body. The major effects are change in blood pressure, boost in productivity, manipulation of emotion, body/muscle movement, ND brain activity. Many studies of music have shown that music can reduce anxiety and helps with other mental health issues. Knight and Richard (2001) explored the effect of sedative music on participants subjective and physiological stress levels following a cognitive stresses involving preparation of an oral presentation. Significant increases in physiological stress were reported for those who prepared the task without music, while the presence of music suppressed significant increases in subjective anxiety, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate. A number of earlier tidies has shown the beneficial effects of music listening on work productivity (Fox, 1971; Kirkpatrick, 1943; Woken, 1969). Presenting extraneous environmental stimuli by way of stereo headsets (music and radio) is one way in which work performance has shown improvement. We will write a custom essay on The Effects of Music on the Mind and Bo specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The mood state of relaxation best explained the relationship between the use of the music and productivity, and environmental interference most effectively explained the relation between the use of music and organizational satisfaction. Familiarity with the music and discontinuous presentation were suggested as most effective in improving performance, turnover intentions, organizational satisfaction, and mood states. Lastly, music can be used in various ways to influence a human emotions. This can been seen through the many studies performed by( name of some guy). Through his research, there had been great prefers in the area of music therapy and doctors and physicians have been able to make better recovery with patients. The most noticeable reaction to music is seen when Mozart is played, the patient almost always becomes more relaxed and seems more open to express themselves to the doctor. Other emotions such as excitement, anger, and happiness can be easily induced by playing a song that the attain has an emotional bond with (favorite song/disliked song). Through all of these different tests and studies scientists have been able to glean many things about the effects of music on the human mind and body. They have made huge advancements in therapy and anti-anxiety treatment, allowing doctors to help more people more efficiently. With the discovery that music helps productivity, the average person can improve their work effort. All of these facts point to the fact that music is very beneficial to our culture and we will continue to study it and enjoy its benefits for as long as mankind exists.

How to Make a DNA Model Using Candy

How to Make a DNA Model Using Candy Making DNA models can be informative, fun, and in this case tasty. Here you will learn how to construct a DNA model using candy. But first, what is DNA? DNA, like RNA, is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic information for the reproduction of life.  DNA is coiled into chromosomes and tightly packed in the nucleus of our cells. Its shape is that of a double helix and its appearance is somewhat of a twisted ladder or spiral staircase. DNA is composed of nitrogenous bases (adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine), a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), and a phosphate molecule. The deoxyribose and phosphate molecules form the sides of the ladder, while the nitrogenous bases form the steps. What You Need: You can make this candy DNA model with just a few simple ingredients. Red and black licorice sticksColored marshmallows or gummy bearsToothpicksNeedleStringScissors Heres How: Gather together red and black licorice sticks, colored marshmallows or gummy bears, toothpicks, needle, string, and scissors.Assign names to the colored marshmallows or gummie bears to represent nucleotide bases. There should be four different colors each representing either adenine, cytosine, guanine or thymine.Assign names to the colored licorice pieces with one color representing the pentose sugar molecule and the other representing the phosphate molecule.Use the scissors to cut the licorice into 1 inch pieces.Using the needle, string half of the licorice pieces together lengthwise alternating between the black and red pieces.Repeat the procedure for the remaining licorice pieces to create a total of two stands of equal length.Connect two different colored marshmallows or gummy bears together using the toothpicks.Connect the toothpicks with the candy to either the red licorice segments only or the black licorice segments only, so that the candy pieces are between the two strands.H olding the ends of the licorice sticks, twist the structure slightly. Tips: When connecting the base pairs be sure to connect the ones that pair naturally in DNA. For example, adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine.When connecting the candy base pairs to the licorice, the base pairs should be connected to the licorice pieces that represent the pentose sugar molecules. More Fun With DNA The great thing about making DNA models is that you can use almost any type of material. This includes candy, paper, and even jewelry. You might also be interested in learning how to extract DNA from organic sources. In How to Extract DNA From a Banana, you will discover the four basic steps of DNA extraction. DNA Processes DNA replication - DNA unwinds in order that copies can be made for mitosis and meiosis. DNA transcription - DNA is transcribed into an RNA message for protein synthesis. DNA translation - The transcribed RNA message is translated to produce proteins. DNA Mutations - Changes in DNA sequences are known as mutations. Mutations can impact specific genes or entire chromosomes.

Foundations of Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Foundations of Psychology - Essay Example Through systematic observation of one's own conscious experience, subjects were exposed to different visual stimuli, optical illusions and auditory tones, and then made to analyze what they experienced ("Timeline," n.d.). Functionalism evolved as a reaction to structuralism. This school of thought was greatly influenced by the work of William James, the father of American psychology, and the evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin (Wagner, n.d.[b]). Functionalism was a more systematic and accurate method than structuralism in that the former focused on the purpose of consciousness and behavior while the latter focused on the elements of consciousness. Functionalism gave due consideration to individual differences, with a great deal of impact on education, supporting the view that "children should learn at a level for which they are developmentally prepared" (Wagner, n.d.[b]). According to behaviorism, all behaviors are acquired through conditioning, which happens through interaction with the environment, and behavior can be studied in a systematic, observable manner regardless of internal mental states (Wagner, n.d.[c]). There are two types of conditioning. Classical conditioning is a method whereby a naturally occurring stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus so that eventually the latter evokes the same response as the former without the presence of the former. Operant conditioning uses rewards and punishments for behavior. Behaviorism does not consider free will or internal factors like moods, feelings and thoughts. The theory does not consider learning that does not use rewards and punishments. The adaptability of an individual in the face of new information is also not considered. Psychoanalysis, founded by Sigmund Freud, focused on the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior (Wagner, n.d.[a]). The six basic assumptions of the psychoanalytic theory are that unconscious mental processes exist, that all human behavior is motivated and purposeful, that past experiences influence current changes and reactions, that personality functioning is very complex and can be understood through the Id, Ego and Superego, that thinking processes involve energy, strength and force, and that human behavior is influenced by interaction with the environment ("Timeline," n.d.). Humanists like Carl Rogers consider people to be basically good or healthy and they see mental health as the normal progression of life; any distortion to this natural tendency is called self-actualization. According to Rogers, people naturally know what is good for them, and what leads them astray is the society with its conditions of worth, often leading to discontent when they do not reach the standards applied to them by others. This disparity between the real self and the ideal self is called incongruity (Boeree, 2003). A healthy individual involves the following qualities: openness to experience; living in the present; organismic trusting, doing what feels right and comes natural; freedom and taking responsibility for one's choices; and creativity. Gestalt psychology evolved in response to the

Analyse the impact of factors that influence health and Essay

Analyse the impact of factors that influence health and well-being.(Health and Behaviour) - Essay Example Education serves as the most effective platform to not only empower people but also to introduce changes so that children can meet new challenges of the time with higher efficiency and adaptability. This is especially true for people with disability who have to face multiple barriers in the mainstream schools which are distinct in their lack of facilitating environment and insensitive approach to their needs and requirements. The various barriers to their inclusion in the mainstream schools necessitate social support and wider awareness of their needs and requirements that promotes or hinders their participation in the mainstream activities. Carrington & Holm, (2005) assert that in Australia inclusive education has evolved from the notion of integrating students with disabilities into regular schools. The paper would be discussing the myriad practices within the social support that may be adversely impacting the successful inclusion of children with disability into the mainstream Aus tralian education system. Health and environment have emerged as major social issues that are significantly impacted by the social parameters (hhb, 2011). WHO (2005) has broadly defined health as not merely being absence of disease or infirmity but a complete physical, mental and social well-being. Thus, holistic aspect of health becomes an important issue which incorporates the environment paradigms that influence the overall well-being of the individual. Key & Dowrick, (2001) claim that people with disability have always been marginalized in every sphere of life including education, employment and community living. The discrimination has adversely impacted not only their participation in the mainstream life but it has also been detrimental to their development as an individual. Thus the social model of disability has emerged as vital input that redefined disability in terms of facilitating environment that promotes their

Pestle Factors Essay Example for Free

Pestle Factors Essay PESTEL analysis stands for Political, Economic, Social, and Technological, Environmental and Legal analysis. It is a part of the external analysis when conducting a strategic analysis or doing market research and gives a certain overview of the different macro-environmental factors that the company has to take into consideration. Political factors or how and to what degree a government intervenes in the economy. Specifically, political factors include areas such as tax policy, labor law, environmental law, trade restrictions, tariffs, and political stability. Political factors may also include goods and services which the government wants to provide or be provided and those that the government does not want to be provided. Furthermore, governments have great influence on the health, education, and infrastructure of a nation. Economic factors Businesses need to make money to continue to exist. They do this by listening to customers to ensure they keep their customers and attract new ones with good services that customers want and need. It is extremely important for businesses to respond to changes in demand from customers. They include economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and the inflation rate. These factors have major impacts on how businesses operate and make decisions. For example, interest rates affect a firms cost of capital and therefore to what extent a business grows and expands. Exchange rates affect the costs of exporting goods and the supply and price of imported goods in an economy. Social factors Society’s habits and tastes are changing. People are more aware of the importance of the environment and becoming ‘green consumers’. Green consumers prefer goods and services that are ‘environmentally-friendly’ and which have less impact on the environment. They include the cultural aspects and include health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety. Trends in social factors affect the demand for a companys products and how that company operates. For example, an ageing population may imply a smaller and less-willing workforce (thus increasing the cost of labor). Furthermore, companies may change various management strategies to adapt to these social trends (such as recruiting older workers). Technological factors Businesses are continually developing new technologies to provide the best solutions for the market place. Intelligent companies find out what the most appropriate technologies are for their businesses and use them. They include ecological and environmental aspects, such as RD activity, automation, technology incentives and the rate of technological change. They can determine barriers to entry, minimum efficient production level and influence outsourcing decisions. Furthermore, technological shifts can affect costs, quality, and lead to innovation. Environmental factors include weather, climate, and climate change, which may especially affect industries such as tourism, farming, and insurance. Furthermore, growing awareness to climate change is affecting how companies operate and the products they offer-it is both creating new markets and diminishing or destroying existing ones. Legal factors Legal changes that affect business are closely tied up with political ones. Many changes in the law stem from government policy. They include discrimination law, consumer law, antitrust law, employment law, and health and safety law. These factors can affect how a company operates, its costs, and the demand for its products.

Asthma :: essays research papers fc

Asthma is a respiratory disorder marked by breathing difficulty caused by temporary narrowing of the bronchi, the airways branching from the trachea to the lungs. Attacks usually are brought on by allergic reaction to ANTIGENS such as grass and tree pollens, mold spores, fungi, animal dander, and certain foods but may also be caused by chemical irritants in the atmosphere or by infections of the respiratory tract. Susceptibility to an asthma attack is based on hyperactivity of the bronchial muscles, which constrict on exposure to one or another of these agents. Episodes of asthma vary widely in severity and may last from a few minutes to several days. They may begin at any age but usually occur in childhood. In children, asthma often is associated with eczema, a skin inflammation that may reflect the tendency of the child to develop hypersensitivity reactions. The attacks usually become less frequent and less severe over the years and disappear in about half of all affected children before adulthood. In one form of asthma, called intrinsic asthma, however, the attacks become less frequent and less severe, but recovery between them is less complete. The bronchi in such patients become chronically narrowed, causing a progressive loss of capacity for physical exertion. The prevalence of asthma is only about 1 or 2 percent worldwide but varies greatly from country to country. In the United States, asthma affects about 6.9 percent of children. Typically, an asthma attack begins within minutes after exposure to a triggering agent. Symptoms include a sensation of tightness in the chest, coughing and wheezing, and difficulty in breathing. Persons having attacks usually find it more difficult to exhale then inhale, which causes overinflation of the chest and impaired lung functions. The breathing difficulty is alleviated somewhat by leaning forward and supporting the trunk with the arms on some object. Attacks that last several hours or more, even several days, despite treatment are called status asthmaticus. Patients with this condition develop a rapid pulse as the heart attempts to compensate for the lack of oxygen in the blood by beating faster. They also develop signs of exhaustion and dehydration. On a long-term basis, asthma usually is managed by determining the agent responsible for the attacks so that the patient can avoid it. When avoidance of allergens is not feasible, patients can sometimes be

The Awakening – a Feminist Analysis

The Awakening  is a  novel  by  Kate Chopin, first published in 1899 , set in  New Orleans  and the Southern  Louisiana  coast at the end of the nineteenth century. The plot centers on Edna Pontellier and her struggle to reconcile her increasingly unorthodox views on femininity and motherhood with the prevailing social attitudes of the turn-of-the-century  South. It is one of the earliest American novels that focuses on women's issues without condescension. It is also widely seen as a landmark work of early  feminism. Kate Chopin’s  The Awakening  was a bold piece of fiction in its time, and protagonist Edna Pontellier was a controversial character.She upset many nineteenth century expectations for women and their supposed roles. One of her most shocking actions was her denial of her role as a mother and wife. Kate Chopin displays this rejection gradually, but the concept of motherhood is major theme throughout the novel. Edna is fighting against the so cietal and natural structures of motherhood that force her to be defined by her title as wife of Leonce Pontellier and mother of Raoul and Etienne Pontellier, instead of being her own, self-defined individual.Through Chopin’s focus on two other female characters, Adele Ratignolle and Mademoiselle Reisz, Edna’s options of life paths are exhibited. These women are the examples that the men around Edna contrast her with and from whom they obtain their expectations for her. Edna, however, finds both role models lacking and begins to see that the life of freedom and individuality that she wants goes against both  society  and nature. The inevitability of her fate as a male-defined creature brings her to a state of despair, and she frees herself the only way she can, through suicide.All throughout â€Å"The Awakening,† Kate Chopin shows examples of how women should and should not act in society, in their homes, and with their husbands. In Edna Pontellier's adopted society, women are viewed more valuable when they conform into the mother-woman role. The mother-woman role is another form of men control, because it dictates how women should idolize their children, worship their husbands, and honor their isolated but inferior positions      As the novel progresses, Edna begins to make increasingly â€Å"open-eyed choice[s] to defy illusions and conventions†.Throughout the novel Edna becomes increasingly sexual, also becoming aware of her sexuality. Her bond of friendship with Robert seems harmless at first, but when he leaves for Mexico Edna believes she is in love with him: â€Å"For the first time she recognized anew the symptoms of infatuation. . . to torture her as it was doing then with the biting conviction that she had lost that which she had held, that she had been denied that which her impassioned, newly awakened being demanded† (Chopin 44).Edna has never had any sexual encounters with Robert, yet her emotions are so a roused by her close friend she is â€Å"infatuated† with him. Until this point, Edna seems to have not realized her feelings for Robert. In time she will call these feelings love, but at this point she is deeply upset because the man she is â€Å"infatuated† with is leaving. Edna’s emotions have been stirred for the first time in a long time, and she is unwilling to merely deal with the fact that the man who did this is leaving.Edna goes into a childlike pout, neglecting the familial duties she previously completed without fail. Edna’s awakening comes in two parts, the emotionally sexual awakening she experiences with Robert and the physically sexual awakening reached with Arobin (Seyersted, Kate Chopin 155). When Robert leaves her the first time, she is upset and broods, unable to believe he left so abruptly, and without saying goodbye. Arobin cannot gain this control over Edna’s emotions, as she distances herself from him and restrains herself fr om becoming too emotionally attached.Through her experience with Robert, Edna has learned to keep her emotional distance from men, lest she be hurt again. Edna is definitely a more sexual being now than previously in the novel. Before she recoiled at the touch of her closest friend, and now she is indulging in a forbidden kiss, holding Arobin close to prolong the contact. She is also more reserved. Arobin is quite anxious to see Edna again, but Edna pushes him away telling him she will see him at her dinner party, â€Å"not an instant sooner† (Chopin 82).Edna takes control of the situation, pushing Arobin away when he begs to see her again, having come to an enlightened state of being, learning from her mistakes and being an active force in her own life. Edna now makes decisions (such as moving out of the house) based on what is right for her, choices that will drastically affect her life, doing so with open eyes and a clear head. Edna is feminist in nature, but her feminism comes with a price, and not many people are strong enough to endure social ostracizing to enjoy personal freedom.Chopin wonderfully illustrates Edna’s dilemma, showing possible consequences of becoming enlightened outside the context of a broader social movement. By the end of the novel, Chopin still refuses to tell us whether Edna’s awakening is liberating, or if it is tragic. They argue that Edna Pontellier’s awakening is one of mental clarity, and her suicide is a triumphant act. By committing suicide Edna is finally freeing herself from social constraints and possession. Her suicide is an act of liberation, therefore Edna is the ultimate feminist.

The Odyssey And Beowulf s Morality - 1591 Words

Stories have always been a means of imparting the wisdom and knowledge of a society to young and old alike. Works like The Odyssey and Beowulf contain as much moralizing as children’s tales from Aesop’s Fables, the only difference being that The Odyssey and Beowulf’s morals are revealed in subtler ways. With the advent of the novel, many used the new genre as a way to moralize to women through novels such as Moll Flanders or comment on society such as A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court. Yet, Henry James in his essay, â€Å"The Art of Fiction† seeks to dispel the notion that novels must moralize by offering a new, better purpose for the novel and allowing novelists artistic license in how they create their stories. However, though his ideas may have been fresh at the time, not all of them have held up over time. Though he sought to separate morality from the novel, the two still work together to create memorable, lasting fiction. Henry Ja mes had a threefold purpose in writing â€Å"The Art of Fiction.† He sought to respond to Walter Besant’s lecture wherein the novelist asserted that there were hard and fast laws which governed fiction, to defend the novel as a significant artistic genre, and to advise aspiring novelists (Richter, 434-435). In his final paragraphs, he addresses what he found most interesting about Besant’s lecture: the â€Å"conscious moral purpose† of the novel (Richter, 446). The morality of a novel â€Å"is a question surrounded with difficulties,† James saysShow MoreRelatedBeowulf: The Canonization of Anglo-Saxon Literature into Modern Popular Culture769 Words   |  4 Pages The cover of the November, 1975 comic book Beowulf: Dragon Slayer features a red-haired, horn-helmeted Beowulf swinging a large broadsword at a purple-caped villain also bearing two razor-sharp swords. As Beowulf rears up on his steed, a bikini clad woman, cloth slightly aside to reveal the shadow of a buttock is drawn falling, face filled with terror. In the background, a rising full moon and silhouetted gothic castle keenly set an atmosphere of dread and foreboding. Above the emboldenedRead MoreWhy Forrest Gump Is Very Much An Epic1584 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent characterizations of the title character and minor characters along with additional events, or changes to the timeline. Many of the events in the story are comparable to happenings in other epic tales as well such as Homer’s epic poem, The Odyssey and to a lesser extent in its precursor Homer’s The Iliad. Odysseus’s journey and the epic adventure that was Forrest Gump’s life are quite reminiscent of each other. When Forrest Gump leaves Greenbow, Alabama to play football for the University of